DIO232  Bachmann

DIO232

我們都知道，不管電源是220V,380V,還是690V,每秒鐘的交變都是以50HZ基準，50HZ我們把它叫做工頻，軟啟動調制輸出的，也是同頻同相的工頻電源。在這里重點說明的是：軟起動的電壓幅度調制，靠晶閘管正/負半橋，錯位180度時間周期導通完成的！

這個導通時間周期，有什么依據？答案是：采樣進線電壓的同步信號！

不管是模擬的也好，數字的也好，都從進線，則通過電阻降壓采樣，得到一個弦波信號，我們稱為同步信號。這個同步信號的作用就是：保證控制板輸出的驅動信號同頻同相，正半周可控硅上橋觸發，負半周下橋導通。就這樣，經過轉化的UVW三相相位不產生變化（其實0度的時候有輕微的失真），電壓產生變化，把輸出電壓逐漸提升到額定值。

所以，軟起動基本的原理，就是將電壓進行調幅的過程。比如，用戶手冊上講的，30%電壓線性啟動，就是大約以100多伏的電壓開始起動電機，而不是從0V開始（實際上很難）。

實際應用中，軟起動是采取怎樣的技術，在頻率不變，逐漸調整電壓幅值的呢。兩個方法：

1.控制驅動脈沖的脈寬，由窄逐漸加寬，當輸出電壓和輸入電壓相等的時候，驅動脈沖和弦波寬度一致。例子如施耐德ATS48就是這種類型，國產的大多都是這種類型。

2.和變頻器一樣，在脈寬波中加入載波，控制載波頻率的寬窄，來控制電壓的變化。這種控制方法極其細膩的控制了驅動脈寬的變化，稱為數字式軟起動器，多見于品牌軟起動器，啟動平衡度非常好，使電壓，電流，功率更加線性。

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